Clayton James Cubitt

He is an art photographer. He was also quoted in a newspaper article about mohawks. Mohawks is a hair style which referred to in English as a mohican. It is created by shaving both sides of the head and leaving a strip of noticeably longer hair in the center. Look the picture below:

I found some works from his site and he combined fashion photography with print resolution. You can see these type of photos and also some of the other photos of him. He is one of the important photographer due to no longer content to draw a distinction between the worlds of fashion, art, and porn apparently.

Fortune Magazine

Henry Luce founded the magazine ‘Fortune’ in February 1930. He also had a partner who called Briton Hadden. He was not excited about the project, he wanted to use ‘Power’ for the name of the magazine. However, he died on February 27, 1929 because of septicemia. After a while, Luce printed the first and single copies of that magazine and it costed $1, but New York Times was only 5¢. Fortune developed its quality too. An urban legend said to the art director of Fortune T. M. Clelland that ‘the cover of the first issue with the $1 price because nobody had yet decided how much to charge; the magazine was printed before anyone realized it, and when people saw it for sale, they thought that the magazine must really have worthwhile content’ about the  cost of magazine. During the Great Depression, Fortune developed a reputation for its social conscience. For many years Fortune was published as a monthly, but as of January, 1978, it is published twice a month. I’m putting some covers of Fortune from the beginning and until 1945.

http://www.fulltable.com/vts/p/pet/menu.htm

Modernism-European Art Deco

Lots of new movements occured during this period, but ‘Art Deco’ is the one which survives. Growing out of Art Nouveau, this highly absorbent style eventually became its antithesis. The Art Deco artists also inspirated from some different movement such as Cubism, Ballet Russe, the Bauhaus and Hollywood. Some of the favorite pattern were rainbow, sunray and electric flash. Some example of the vases are at the below, when you look at these, you can get the idea easily:

De Stijl type furniture

De stijl artists simplified visual compositions to the vertical and horizontal directions. They also used only primary colors along with black and white such as red, yellow and blue. I found a furniture model like a painting from de stijl period. The colours and relations between vertical and horizontal are quite similar with de stijl. Here are the photos:

Gothic illustrations

Firstly, I want to describe ‘Gothic Art’ to understand Gothic style illustrations. It developed in France in the middle of 12th century and it was also a medieval art movement. After a while it spread to all of Western Europe. However, while it was spreading, it also changed and it became ‘International Gothic’. The earliest Gothic art was monumental sculpture on the walls of Cathedrals. Then, artists applied this style to their illustrations too. What type of illustrations did occur with Gothic style?  These illustrations were like horror art, because Gothic art style was considered as one of the form of horror art. Thus, these pieces visualized the other face of life. It showed us the hidden parts of humanity and society too. I found some good pieces from different artists, many of them include skeleton and symbols from death. Let’s look at them:

Ink and pen drawings

Pen and ink drawing is a technique which is created from colorful and black inks in fine art. Western artists had used these technique too for different aims since ancient-Egyptian times. For instance, book illustration, sketches, finished drawings and ink or wash paintings. According to sources, one of the earliest surviving images in Greek Art is ‘ The abduction of Briseis ‘. On the other hand, it progressed to a high level in Chinese Art during the term Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty and also in Japan during the Muromachi Period.

When we came to the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci exemplified overall pen and ink effect on his work which was called Five Grotesque Heads. It is below:

 

There were also lots of important name for ink and pen drawings especially in high renaissance. There are some examples from them at the below:

 

 

 

 

“incunabula period”

Printing started with Gutenberg in Germany. A new life began with this big invention and lots of books were printed. This term was called ‘İncunabula Period’  by English book collectors in the 17th century to define the 1st printed books of the 15th century. In this way, typographers came into prominence and many typographers emerged in this period. Some good typographers also came up with this Gutenberg’s invention. I wondered about them and I found some of these early and good typographers. There are good information about them too:

 

Can we use ‘diminuendo’ in typography?

Actually, diminuendo is term about music. It is a rhythym mark directing which effects playing the music passages softly or gradually. However, it is also used in typography. I found this definiton for diminuendo on the net ” diminuendo is a type arrangement in which a large letter or word leads the eye, gradually, to smaller and smaller words until a standard text size is established”. People are still using it today with initial cap or large single letter. Especially, it is used on articles and some part of books. Diminuendo style was used with subtitles, titles or captions on the middle ages. When we came to the posmodern era which has lots of technological advantages, diminuendo is being to started to use differently on printed pages or some websites. Some examples are below:

Grid system

A grid system is an essential part of graphic design such as ordering graphical elements of text and images. As the time went by, the grid sytem was started to use in typography and commercial design too. It orginazes page layout of magazines, books etc. The aim of using this grid system is to create a solid visuality and structural balance for designs. There is also a book which was called Grid Systems in Graphic Design and presented firstly by Josef Müller-Brockmann about the core of this grid system. The book is below and I put some examples for grid system:

Ikebana

In short, the meaning of Ikebana is Japanese flower arrangement. The word occur from ikeru(to arrange, life) and hana(flower). Japanese created an interesting art type by using flowers. A buddhist man who called Senmu found it. While they are doing this, they cut flowers, but they do not kill flowers.  This art type was also developed later such as Rikka, Nageire and Jiyuka. There are some examples of Ikebana below: